Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

53.7K
Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
53.7K
Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

95.3K
Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
95.3K
Enzyme Kinetics01:19

Enzyme Kinetics

104.4K
Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. The speed at which the enzyme turns reactants into products is called the rate of reaction. Several factors impact the rate of reaction, including the number of available reactants. Enzyme kinetics is the study of how an enzyme changes the rate of a reaction.
Scientists typically study enzyme kinetics with a fixed amount of enzyme in the controlled environment of a test tube. When more reactant, or substrate, is...
104.4K
Rab Cascades01:25

Rab Cascades

3.6K
Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
3.6K
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

18.6K
When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
18.6K
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

8.6K
Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
8.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Macroscopic Convective Fluid Flows Arising From Binding of Ions and Small Molecules to Proteins.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Emergent Nonlinearity in Active Molecular Chemotaxis.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Chemotaxis of ATPase-Powered Nanoparticles up Extra- and Intracellular ATP Gradients.

Nano letters·2026
Same author

Quantifying Spatially Resolved Hydration Thermodynamics Using Grid Inhomogeneous Solvation Theory [Article v1.0].

Living journal of computational molecular science·2026
Same author

Molecular resilience of neurons to repetitive mechanical compression.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

SonoPIN enables precise, noninvasive, and efficient intracellular delivery of PROTACs.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

A rechargeable non-aqueous Mg-O<sub>2</sub> battery based on magnesium peroxide chemistry.

Nature chemistry·2026
Same journal

Setting a direction for molecular motors.

Nature chemistry·2026
Same journal

Driving movement in the field of molecular machines.

Nature chemistry·2026
Same journal

First ladies of chemistry.

Nature chemistry·2026
Same journal

How isoprene connects plants to global climate.

Nature chemistry·2026
Same journal

One-dimensional carbon chains free of end-capping groups.

Nature chemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

High-throughput Screening of Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes Using Novel Insoluble Chromogenic Substrate Assay Kits
06:51

High-throughput Screening of Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes Using Novel Insoluble Chromogenic Substrate Assay Kits

Published on: September 20, 2016

13.7K

Substrate-driven chemotactic assembly in an enzyme cascade.

Xi Zhao1, Henri Palacci2, Vinita Yadav1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

Nature Chemistry
|February 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enzymes in cellular reaction cascades can self-assemble into metabolons. This study reveals that enzymes use chemotaxis, or directed movement along substrate gradients, to form these essential cellular structures.

More Related Videos

CAPRRESI: Chimera Assembly by Plasmid Recovery and Restriction Enzyme Site Insertion
07:37

CAPRRESI: Chimera Assembly by Plasmid Recovery and Restriction Enzyme Site Insertion

Published on: June 25, 2017

12.1K
A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates
08:09

A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates

Published on: May 9, 2014

11.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 14, 2026

High-throughput Screening of Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes Using Novel Insoluble Chromogenic Substrate Assay Kits
06:51

High-throughput Screening of Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes Using Novel Insoluble Chromogenic Substrate Assay Kits

Published on: September 20, 2016

13.7K
CAPRRESI: Chimera Assembly by Plasmid Recovery and Restriction Enzyme Site Insertion
07:37

CAPRRESI: Chimera Assembly by Plasmid Recovery and Restriction Enzyme Site Insertion

Published on: June 25, 2017

12.1K
A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates
08:09

A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates

Published on: May 9, 2014

11.4K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Enzymatic catalysis is vital for cellular functions.
  • Enzymes in reaction cascades often form metabolons, but the trigger for this assembly is unknown.
  • Understanding metabolon formation is key to understanding metabolic regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism triggering metabolon formation in enzymatic cascades.
  • To determine if enzyme movement and self-assembly can be explained by chemotaxis.
  • To elucidate the role of substrate gradients in enzyme complex formation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized microfluidic devices for precise control and observation.
  • Employed fluorescent spectroscopy to track enzyme movement.
  • Combined theoretical modeling with experimental validation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that enzymes in the glycolysis cascade assemble via chemotaxis.
  • Showed that individual enzymes follow substrate gradients produced by preceding reactions.
  • Confirmed chemotactic assembly occurs even in crowded cellular environments.

Conclusions:

  • Chemotaxis is the mechanism driving metabolon formation in enzymatic cascades.
  • Substrate gradients are crucial for the coordinated movement and assembly of enzymes.
  • Metabolon formation is an active, directed process, not merely passive aggregation.