Face and neck: airway and sensorial capacities

Area of Science:

• Otorhinolaryngology
• Neuroanatomy
• Trauma Surgery

Background:

• The face and neck region's complex neuro-anatomy and physiology are vital for basic functions.
• This area is highly vulnerable to injury, necessitating specialized knowledge for assessment and management.
• Understanding upper airway dimensions and sensory capacities is essential for treating head and neck trauma.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the neuro-anatomy and physiology of the ear, nose, throat (ENT), and head and neck (HN) regions.
• To elaborate on upper airway and sensorial capacities in the context of trauma.
• To emphasize the importance of age-related differences and cranial nerve (CN) involvement in trauma.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on neuro-anatomy, physiology, and trauma of the face and neck.
• Analysis of factors influencing upper airway dimensions, including bony and soft tissues.
• Examination of the role of cranial nerves in upper airway function and potential injury.

Main Results:

• Knowledge of ENT and HN neuro-anatomy and physiology is essential for managing face and neck trauma.
• Upper airway dimensions are influenced by age, with significant pediatric and adult differences.
• Cranial nerve injury is a common complication of trauma in this region.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of face and neck trauma requires a comprehensive understanding of regional neuro-anatomy and physiology.
• Assessment must consider age-specific airway dimensions and the potential for cranial nerve damage.
• This review underscores the critical link between anatomical knowledge and patient outcomes in head and neck trauma.