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Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

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Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
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Conjugation is a form of horizontal gene transfer that primarily occurs in bacteria and some archaea, promoting genetic diversity and adaptation. Bacteria can acquire resistance genes through conjugative plasmids, allowing them to survive antibiotic treatments that would otherwise be lethal. This process involves direct contact between cells through specialized structures such as the sex pilus and is mediated by conjugative plasmids, including the F (fertility) factor.Conjugation requires...
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Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
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Bacterial conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer that enables the exchange of genetic material between bacterial cells through direct contact. This process is facilitated by a donor cell carrying a conjugative plasmid, which encodes genes necessary for pilus formation, DNA replication, and transfer. The conjugative plasmid plays a central role in initiating and executing the transfer of genetic material.The tra region of the conjugative plasmid encodes proteins responsible for...
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Brønsted-Lowry acid-base chemistry is the transfer of protons; thus, logic suggests a relation between the relative strengths of conjugate acid-base pairs. The strength of an acid or base is quantified in its ionization constant, Ka or Kb, which represents the extent of the acid or base ionization reaction. For the conjugate acid-base pair HA / A−, the ionization equilibrium equations and ionization constant expressions are
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Conjugative Mating Assays for Sequence-specific Analysis of Transfer Proteins Involved in Bacterial Conjugation
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A Switchable Site-Specific Antibody Conjugate.

Zhigang Lyu1, Lei Kang2,3, Zakey Yusuf Buuh1

  • 1Department of Chemistry , Temple University , 1901 N. 13th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States.

ACS Chemical Biology
|February 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a versatile antibody conjugate using unnatural amino acids (UAAs) and a switchable peptide system. This method enables targeted cancer cell delivery for diagnosis, imaging, and therapy, with potential for pretargeted in vivo imaging.

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Area of Science:

  • Bioconjugation Chemistry
  • Molecular Engineering
  • Antibody Therapeutics

Background:

  • Site-specific antibody conjugates offer advantages over random conjugates for homogeneity and definition.
  • Current methods for incorporating unnatural amino acids (UAAs) into antibodies are often antibody-specific, costly, and time-consuming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a versatile and switchable antibody conjugate system using UAAs.
  • To demonstrate the utility of a GCN4 peptide as a switch for targeting and pretargeted imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic incorporation of the unnatural amino acid p-acetylphenylalanine into antibodies.
  • Development of a switchable αGCN4-Fab conjugate system utilizing the GCN4 peptide.
  • Evaluation of the conjugate's targeting capabilities and in vivo pretargeted imaging potential.

Main Results:

  • Successfully created a switchable αGCN4-Fab conjugate incorporating p-acetylphenylalanine.
  • Demonstrated the conjugate's ability to target cancer cells for diagnosis, imaging, or therapy.
  • Showcased significant potential for pretargeted in vivo imaging using the switchable conjugate system.

Conclusions:

  • The developed switchable conjugate system provides a versatile platform for UAA-based antibody conjugates.
  • The orthogonal switch strategy facilitates the application of site-specific conjugates for diverse biomedical applications.
  • This approach holds promise for advancing antibody-drug conjugates and imaging agents.