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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Detection of Anti-MDA5 Autoantibodies Using HeLa Cells and Immunocytochemistry with Light Microscopy
Published on: October 31, 2025
DHX29 functions as an RNA co-sensor for MDA5-mediated EMCV-specific antiviral immunity
Qingyuan Zhu1, Peng Tan1,2, Yinyin Li1
1Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States of America.
Abstract:
Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5 (MDA5) recognizes distinct subsets of viruses including Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) of picornavirus family, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the specificity of the viral recognition of MDA5 in immune cells remain obscure. DHX29 is an RNA helicase required for the translation of 5' structured mRNA of host and many picornaviruses (such as EMCV). We identify that DXH29 as a key RNA co-sensor, plays a significant role for specific recognition and triggering anti-EMCV immunity. We have observed that DHX29 regulates MDA5-, but not RIG-I-, mediated type I interferon signaling by preferentially interacting with structured RNAs and specifically with MDA5 for enhancing MDA5-dsRNA binding affinity. Overall, our results identify a critical role for DHX29 in innate immune response and provide molecular insights into the mechanisms by which DHX29 recognizes 5' structured EMCV RNA and interacts with MDA5 for potent type I interferon signaling and antiviral immunity.
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