Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Analysis of Cardiac Contractile Dysfunction and Ca2+ Transients in Rodent Myocytes
07:32

Analysis of Cardiac Contractile Dysfunction and Ca2+ Transients in Rodent Myocytes

Published on: May 25, 2022

1.9K

The TGFβ superfamily in cardiac dysfunction

Jian Wu1, Olan Jackson-Weaver1, Jian Xu1

  • 1Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.

Acta Biochimica Et Biophysica Sinica
|February 21, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily members, including TGFβs, BMPs, and GDFs, regulate diverse cardiac cells. This review details their roles in heart development, repair, and dysfunction, impacting key cardiac functions.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular and Cellular Cardiology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily comprises 33 ligands, including TGFβs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs).
  • These ligands play crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes within the heart.
  • Cardiac cells affected include cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent discoveries on the roles of TGFβs, BMPs, and GDFs in cardiac cellular components.
  • To highlight their functional impacts on heart development, injury repair, and dysfunction.
  • To provide insights into TGFβ superfamily signaling in cardiac health and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific discoveries.
  • Focus on studies investigating TGFβs, BMPs, and GDFs in cardiac cells.
  • Analysis of functional impacts in cardiac development, injury, and disease models.

Main Results:

  • TGFβ superfamily ligands influence multiple cardiac cell types.
  • These ligands are implicated in cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and altered contractility.
  • Roles in cardiac metabolism, angiogenesis, and regeneration are also significant.

Conclusions:

  • TGFβ superfamily members are critical regulators of cardiac cellular functions.
  • Understanding these roles is essential for addressing heart development, injury, and dysfunction.
  • Further research into TGFβ signaling pathways can inform therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.

More Related Videos

Transthoracic Echocardiography to Assess Post-Resuscitation Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Arrest in Pigs08:19

Transthoracic Echocardiography to Assess Post-Resuscitation Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Arrest in Pigs

Published on: July 12, 2022

3.5K
In vitro Assessment of Cardiac Reprogramming by Measuring Cardiac Specific Calcium Flux with a GCaMP3 Reporter05:04

In vitro Assessment of Cardiac Reprogramming by Measuring Cardiac Specific Calcium Flux with a GCaMP3 Reporter

Published on: February 22, 2022

3.8K

Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
3.6K
Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output

Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart...
2.8K
The Cardiac Cycle01:13

The Cardiac Cycle

The heart beats rhythmically in a sequence called the cardiac cycle—a rapid coordination of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
The Process
Electrical signals—sent from the sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrial wall to the atrioventricular (AV) node between the right atrium and right ventricle—cause both atria to simultaneously contract. When the signal reaches the AV node, it pauses for approximately a tenth of a second, allowing the atria to contract and...
98.9K
Cardiac Cycle01:29

Cardiac Cycle

The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next. It's characterized by alternating periods of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart muscles.
During the cardiac cycle, blood flow through the heart is regulated entirely by changing pressure gradients. This sequence of events begins with the heart in a state of total relaxation, known as mid-to-late diastole, during which blood passively flows from...
13.3K
Cardiac Action Potential01:30

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials
6.8K
Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
2.0K