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Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
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The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

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The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q...
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The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis01:34

The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis

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The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
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Electron Transport Chain Components01:29

Electron Transport Chain Components

1.0K
The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

9.3K
During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
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Electronic Transport in Two-Dimensional Materials.

Vinod K Sangwan1, Mark C Hersam1,2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA;

Annual Review of Physical Chemistry
|February 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores electronic transport in advanced two-dimensional (2D) materials beyond graphene, focusing on transition metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorus. It details mechanisms like band structure control, scattering, and contacts for future electronic applications.

Keywords:
black phosphoruscontactsdopingscatteringtransition metal dichalcogenidevan der Waals heterojunction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit unique nanoscale properties.
  • Understanding electronic transport and carrier dynamics in 2D materials is crucial but still developing.
  • Existing reviews often focus on general 2D materials or graphene, leaving a gap for post-graphene systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a focused review of charge transport mechanisms in post-graphene 2D materials.
  • To emphasize transition metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorus.
  • To consolidate knowledge on intricate electronic transport phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Delineation of electronic transport intricacies.
  • Discussion of inter-material electronic interactions.

Main Results:

  • Detailed examination of band structure control (thickness, external fields).
  • Analysis of valley polarization and scattering mechanisms.
  • Consideration of electrical contacts, doping, and van der Waals heterojunctions.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights key transport mechanisms in emerging 2D materials.
  • It provides a foundation for future research in 2D electronics.
  • Identifies promising future directions in this rapidly advancing field.