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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Intranasal Delivery of Therapeutic Stem Cells to Glioblastoma in a Mouse Model
Published on: June 4, 2017
Radiation-induced G2/M arrest rarely occurred in glioblastoma stem-like cells
Junfeng Liu1, Yu Liu1, Tao Xie1
1a Department of Neurosurgery , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China.
Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to systematically study the cell-cycle alterations of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSLCs) after irradiation, possibly enriching the mechanisms of radioresistance of GSLCs.
Materials And Methods:
GSLCs were enriched and identified, and then the radioresistance of GSLCs was validated by analyzing cell survival, cell proliferation, and radiation-induced apoptosis. The discrepancy of the cell-cycle distribution and expression of cell-cycle-related proteins between GSLCs and glioblastoma differentiated cells (GDCs) after irradiation was completely analyzed.
Results:
The survival fractions and the cell viabilities of GSLCs were significantly higher than those of GDCs after irradiation. Radiation-induced apoptosis was less prominent in GSLCs than in GDCs. After irradiation with high-dose X-rays, the percentages of GDCs in G2/M phase was evidently increased. However, radiation-induced G2/M arrest occurred less frequently in GSLCs, but S-phase arrest occurred in GSLCs after irradiation with 8 Gy. Further mechanistic studies showed that the expressions levels of Cdc25c, Cdc2, and CyclinB1 in GSLCs were not apparently changed after irradiation, while those of p-ATM and p-Chk1 were sharply increased after irradiation in GSLCs. The basal level of Cdc25c expression in GSLCs was much higher than that in GDCs.
Conclusions:
We explored the cell-cycle alterations and cell-cycle-related proteins expression levels in GSLCs after irradiation, providing a novel mechanism of radioresistance of GSLCs.
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