Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

9.0K
The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...
9.0K
Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

11.7K
Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high...
11.7K
Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light02:00

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

28.6K
Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.
28.6K
Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug Interactions01:23

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug Interactions

617
Drug interactions are a critical aspect of pharmacology and can occur when two or more drugs compete for the same binding site. This competition can result in one drug displacing another, altering the effect of the displaced drug. Drug interactions are complex processes that rely heavily on how much of the displacer drug is present and how strongly it can bind to the same sites as the displaced drug.
Displacement interactions can have varying outcomes, ranging from toxicity to virtually...
617
Light Acquisition02:16

Light Acquisition

9.6K
In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
9.6K
Light as Energy01:35

Light as Energy

96.4K
The energy required to carry out photosynthesis is light— typically electromagnetic radiation from the sun. The range of all possible wavelengths is known as the electromagnetic spectrum.
Photons
A photon is a discrete electromagnetic particle or bundle of energy. Photons are characterized by their frequency, wavelength, and amplitude, similar to the properties of a wave. Waves with higher frequencies transmit more energy and have shorter wavelengths than longer wavelengths that transmit...
96.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mitotic Cdc42 waves encode PI(3,4)P<sub>2</sub> signaling and Golgi morphological state to control spindle scaling.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Mechanism of lipid transfer by bridge-like protein VPS13A and the scramblase XK.

Cell·2026
Same author

The rise and fall of SARM1 base-exchange inhibitors.

Communications chemistry·2026
Same author

Implementation of an adaptive-optics assisted isoSTED nanoscope.

Nature protocols·2026
Same author

Organization of Myosin H in the Apical Complex of <i>Toxoplasma Gondii</i> Revealed by 3D Single-Molecule Super-Resolution Microscopy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Fluorogenic speed-optimized DNA-PAINT probes enable super-resolution imaging of whole cells.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Tau protein as a regulator of mitochondrial function and dynamics.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

A scalable, dividing cell model for the robust propagation and quantification of human sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prions.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Epigenetic regulation of mesenchymal BMP signaling directs postnatal organ innervation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Single-shot wide-field biochemical imaging at 1 kHz frame rate.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Morphogenesis and topological evolution of a frustrated nematic liquid crystal under confinement.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

B cell-intrinsic CXCR3 drives efficient generation of ectopic pulmonary germinal center responses to influenza A virus infection.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides
08:45

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

Published on: July 1, 2013

10.2K

Light-activated protein interaction with high spatial subcellular confinement.

Lorena Benedetti1,2,3,4, Andrew E S Barentine2,5, Mirko Messa1,2,3,4

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Blue-light optical dimerization tools like Cry2/CIB1, iLID, and Magnets enable precise control of protein interactions. Their effectiveness in specific subcellular volumes depends on photoreceptor location and fast kinetics for efficient spatial confinement.

Keywords:
Cry2/CIB1LOV domainoptical dimerizeroptogeneticsprotein–protein interaction

More Related Videos

Direct Force Measurements of Subcellular Mechanics in Confinement using Optical Tweezers
09:56

Direct Force Measurements of Subcellular Mechanics in Confinement using Optical Tweezers

Published on: August 31, 2021

5.6K
Forming, Confining, and Observing Microtubule-Based Active Nematics
08:37

Forming, Confining, and Observing Microtubule-Based Active Nematics

Published on: January 13, 2023

3.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides
08:45

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

Published on: July 1, 2013

10.2K
Direct Force Measurements of Subcellular Mechanics in Confinement using Optical Tweezers
09:56

Direct Force Measurements of Subcellular Mechanics in Confinement using Optical Tweezers

Published on: August 31, 2021

5.6K
Forming, Confining, and Observing Microtubule-Based Active Nematics
08:37

Forming, Confining, and Observing Microtubule-Based Active Nematics

Published on: January 13, 2023

3.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Optical dimerization tools offer precise control over protein interactions within cells.
  • Blue-light-dependent systems allow for spatiotemporal manipulation of protein localization.
  • Understanding the performance of different dimerization tools is crucial for experimental design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare and quantify the subcellular volume and protein recruitment efficiency of three blue-light-dependent dimerization tools: Cry2/CIB1, iLID, and Magnets.
  • To investigate how photoreceptor location and kinetic properties influence dimer formation and spatial confinement.
  • To provide guidance for selecting appropriate optical dimerization tools for specific cell biology applications.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative analysis of light-dependent dimer formation in small, subcellular volumes.
  • Comparison of Cry2/CIB1, iLID, and Magnets dimerization systems.
  • Assessment of protein recruitment and spatial confinement under blue-light illumination.

Main Results:

  • Photoreceptor location and switch-off kinetics significantly determine the subcellular volume of dimer formation and protein recruitment.
  • Tethering photosensitive components to intracellular membranes enhances spatial confinement.
  • iLID and Magnets, with fast kinetics, achieve the smallest dimer formation volumes but recruit less total protein.

Conclusions:

  • The spatial confinement and protein recruitment efficiency of optical dimerization tools vary based on their design and kinetics.
  • Fast kinetics and membrane tethering are key for achieving precise spatial control of protein dimerization.
  • These findings aid researchers in selecting optimal dimerization tools for targeted subcellular manipulation.