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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Probing quantum coherence in single-atom electron spin resonance.

Philip Willke1,2,3,4, William Paul2, Fabian D Natterer2,5

  • 1Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.

Science Advances
|February 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers controlled quantum coherence in individual spins using electron spin resonance scanning tunneling microscopy (ESR-STM). They tuned spin properties by adjusting the STM tip, revealing key decoherence mechanisms for enhanced quantum technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Materials science
  • Surface science

Background:

  • Individual spin centers are crucial for quantum information and magnetometry.
  • Controlling the spin environment is key to preserving quantum properties.
  • Existing methods lack control over the spin's local environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate and control the interaction between a single Fe spin and its atomic environment.
  • To tune the phase coherence time (T2) of individual spins using a variable electrode.
  • To understand and mitigate decoherence processes affecting quantum spins.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (SP-STM) combined with electron spin resonance (ESR).
  • Employed the STM tip as a variable electrode to precisely tune phase coherence time (T2).
  • Analyzed decoherence rates based on tunnel current and tip spin interactions.

Main Results:

  • Identified two primary contributions to decoherence: one proportional to tunnel current and another from thermally activated tip spin-flips.
  • Demonstrated that each tunneling electron can cause a dephasing event.
  • Showed that decoherence is present even without tunnel current due to tip spin dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding spin-environment interactions allows for maximizing T2 and improving energy resolution.
  • Optimized ESR-STM enables enhanced signal amplitude, facilitating measurements at higher temperatures (up to 4 K).
  • ESR-STM provides a method for controlling quantum coherence in electrically accessible individual spins.