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What are Lipids?01:38

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What are Lipids?01:31

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Lipids function as structural components of cellular membranes, in addition to acting as energy reservoirs and signaling molecules. They are thus crucial to all living organisms.  The three biologically important classes of lipids are triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids.
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In the plasma membrane, the lipids forming the bilayer can also act as an anchor to tether proteins to the membrane. The three main types of lipid anchors found in eukaryotes are – prenyl groups, fatty acyl groups, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol or GPI groups. Prenyl and fatty acyl groups act as anchors on the cytosolic surface of the membrane, whereas GPI anchors proteins on the extracellular side.
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Lipids in RA: Is Less Not Necessarily More?

Jorge Plutzky1, Katherine P Liao2

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

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|February 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment can increase cholesterol levels by reducing inflammation. This review explores how disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) impact lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk in RA patients.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseLipid metabolismLipidsRheumatoid arthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by fluctuating inflammation that impacts lipid levels.
  • Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy for RA often leads to reduced inflammation.
  • Reduced inflammation in RA is paradoxically associated with increased total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review new evidence on the mechanisms linking inflammation and lipid level changes in RA.
  • To explore how DMARD therapy influences lipid metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis.
  • To understand the implications of lipid level fluctuations on cardiovascular risk in RA.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent human studies and scientific literature.
  • Analysis of lipid metabolism pathways, including synthesis and catabolism.
  • Examination of data correlating RA inflammation levels with lipid profiles.

Main Results:

  • Active RA exhibits higher-than-expected lipid catabolic rates compared to the general population.
  • DMARD therapy normalizes lipid catabolic rates, leading to an apparent increase in TC and LDL-C.
  • Observed increases in lipids with RA treatment suggest a return towards metabolic homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • Changes in lipid levels during RA treatment reflect a normalization of metabolic processes.
  • Further research is needed to ascertain the precise impact of these lipid changes on cardiovascular risk in RA patients.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for comprehensive RA management and cardiovascular risk assessment.