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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

17.0K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
17.0K
Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the...
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Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

1.1K
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
1.1K
Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
652
Identifying Statistically Significant Differences: The F-Test01:14

Identifying Statistically Significant Differences: The F-Test

3.9K
The F-test is used to compare two sample variances to each other or compare the sample variance to the population variance. It is used to decide whether an indeterminate error can explain the difference in their values. The underlying assumptions that allow the use of the F-test include the data set or sets are normally distributed, and the data sets are independent of each other. The test statistic F is calculated by dividing one variance by another. In other words, the square of one standard...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Induction of an Inflammatory Response in Primary Hepatocyte Cultures from Mice
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Induction of an Inflammatory Response in Primary Hepatocyte Cultures from Mice

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Inflammatory Nodules Identify Steroid-Responsive Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.

Jonathan H Chen1,2, Vikram Deshpande1,2

  • 11 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

International Journal of Surgical Pathology
|February 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) may have steroid-responsive subtypes. Three cases with inflammatory bowel disease showed improvement with prednisone, suggesting unique fibroinflammatory nodules may identify these patients.

Keywords:
IgG4-related diseaseautoimmunityinflammationliverprimary sclerosing cholangitissteroids

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Related Experiment Videos

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease often linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  • Current therapies do not alter PSC progression, and steroid treatment is generally considered ineffective.
  • Recent identification of steroid-responsive PSC mimics, like IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis, has complicated diagnosis.

Observation:

  • This study reviewed patients diagnosed with PSC who showed a documented response to steroid therapy.
  • Three adult patients with IBD and PSC were identified who did not meet criteria for known PSC mimics.
  • These patients exhibited abnormal liver function tests that normalized with prednisone treatment.

Findings:

  • The three cases presented with hepatic fibroinflammatory nodules in a collagen-rich background on liver biopsy.
  • These patients lacked the clinical, serological, and histological features of immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing cholangitis.
  • The findings suggest these cases represent a distinct subset of steroid-responsive PSC.

Implications:

  • Hepatic fibroinflammatory nodules may serve as a histological marker for a steroid-responsive subset of PSC.
  • This discovery could lead to more personalized treatment strategies for specific PSC patient groups.
  • Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore therapeutic options for this identified PSC subtype.