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Nutritional approach to preeclampsia prevention.
Najate Achamrah1, Agnès Ditisheim
1Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
|February 22, 2018
Summary
Periconceptional micronutrient supplementation may help prevent preeclampsia. Calcium intake is recommended for women with low intake, but evidence for other supplements like vitamins C, E, or D is lacking for preeclampsia prevention.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Nutritional Science
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Background:
- Preeclampsia pathophysiology involves abnormal placentation, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation.
- Micronutrients are crucial for placental function, oxidative stress, and angiogenic factors.
- Periconceptional micronutrient supplementation is explored for preeclampsia risk reduction, but results are conflicting.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current evidence on micronutrient supplementation for preeclampsia prevention.
- To assess the role of specific micronutrients and dietary components in preeclampsia risk.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent studies and updated Cochrane reviews on micronutrient supplementation and preeclampsia.
- Analysis of data regarding calcium, vitamins C, E, D, zinc, folic acid, dark chocolate, flavonoids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Main Results:
- Calcium supplementation (>1 g/day) may reduce preeclampsia risk in women with low dietary intake.
- Evidence does not support routine supplementation of vitamins C, E, or D for preeclampsia prevention or treatment.
- Limited evidence exists for zinc or folic acid supplementation in preeclampsia prevention.
- Dark chocolate, flavonoid-rich foods, and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids show potential but require further study.
Conclusions:
- Calcium supplementation is recommended for preeclampsia prevention in specific populations.
- Strong evidence for periconceptional supplementation of most other micronutrients for preeclampsia risk reduction is currently lacking.
- Further research is needed to validate the benefits of nutritional interventions like dark chocolate and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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