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[The effect of anesthesia on cognitive functions].

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Summary

General anesthesia can impair cognitive functions like memory and attention. This study found significant declines in cognitive abilities after both sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia, with age and education influencing outcomes.

Keywords:
cognitive functioncontrolled arterial hypotensionnarcosis

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • General anesthetics, arterial hypotension, and hypoxia during surgery can negatively impact cognitive functions, including memory, attention, and concentration.
  • Controlled arterial hypotension is a surgical technique that may further affect postoperative cognitive performance.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for patient safety and recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of general anesthesia, specifically sevoflurane and propofol, on cognitive functions.
  • To assess changes in cognitive abilities following surgery under controlled arterial hypotension.
  • To identify factors influencing postoperative cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, prospective study involving 60 patients undergoing surgery with general anesthesia.
  • Pre- and postoperative cognitive functions were evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test.
  • Intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, demographic data, and surgical information were recorded.

Main Results:

  • Both sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia led to a significant (p<0.05) postoperative decline in MoCA scores.
  • Median MoCA scores decreased from 24 to 20 after sevoflurane anesthesia (p<0.05) and from 24 to 20 after propofol anesthesia (p<0.01).
  • Intraoperative physiological parameters did not correlate with cognitive decline, whereas age and education showed significant influence.

Conclusions:

  • General anesthesia, regardless of the agent (sevoflurane or propofol), significantly impairs cognitive functions in the early postoperative period.
  • Cognitive deficits are influenced by patient age and educational background, not intraoperative hemodynamics.
  • Further research is needed to explore long-term cognitive effects and mitigation strategies.