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When listening to rain sounds boosts arithmetic ability.

Alice Mado Proverbio1, Francesco De Benedetto1, Maria Vittoria Ferrari1

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Background auditory stimuli, like music or rain sounds, can improve performance on difficult arithmetic tasks by increasing alertness. Silence, however, hinders performance on complex calculations.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Auditory Neuroscience

Background:

  • Conflicting evidence exists regarding the impact of background noise or music on cognitive task performance.
  • Auditory stimuli can either impair or enhance cognitive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of different types of music and environmental sounds on arithmetic task performance in non-musician university students.
  • To compare the effects of silence, classical music, and heavy rain sounds on cognitive load during mathematical operations.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty university students (25 male, 25 female; 25 introverts, 25 extroverts) completed 180 arithmetic operations (easy/difficult).
  • Participants performed tasks under three conditions: silence, classical music, and heavy rain sounds.
  • Response times (RTs) and accuracy were recorded for each condition and task difficulty.

Main Results:

  • Silence was detrimental for difficult arithmetic operations, leading to worse accuracy and slower RTs compared to music or rain sounds.
  • Auditory stimulation, regardless of type, enhanced performance on difficult tasks, suggesting increased cerebral alertness.
  • Introverts were generally faster than extroverts, except when extroverts performed calculations with rain sounds.
  • Extroverts showed faster RTs with music or rain sounds than in silence for difficult tasks, while introverts benefited from agitating music.

Conclusions:

  • Background auditory stimulation can enhance cognitive performance, particularly on demanding tasks, by increasing alertness.
  • The effects of auditory stimuli differ between introverts and extroverts, potentially due to baseline arousal levels.
  • Environmental sounds and music may offer similar cognitive benefits, suggesting a general alerting effect rather than music-specific advantages.