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Alexander Ströhle, Christian Löser, Isabel Behrendt

    Die Rehabilitation
    |February 22, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Alternative diets, like plant-based eating, offer health benefits, including reduced risks of cancer and heart disease. However, vegan diets require careful planning to avoid nutrient deficiencies like vitamin B12.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nutritional Science
    • Dietary Health
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Alternative diets (AD) present diverse food selection principles compared to mixed diets.
    • Ethical, philosophical, and health motivations drive AD adoption.
    • Variations within AD limit generalizable evaluations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the health implications of various alternative diets.
    • To compare the benefits and risks of plant-based and vegan diets against conventional diets.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing research on vegetarian, paleo, plant-based, and vegan diets.
    • Analysis of health outcomes, including cancer risk, heart disease incidence, blood pressure, and lipid profiles.
    • Assessment of potential nutrient deficiencies associated with specific AD.

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    Main Results:

    • Plant-based diets are suitable for long-term health, reducing cancer risk by 10-18% and heart disease by 30%.
    • Plant-based diets positively impact blood pressure and lipid profiles.
    • Vegan diets pose a risk for deficiencies in vitamin B12, iodine, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids without supplementation.

    Conclusions:

    • Plant-based diets offer significant health advantages over typical mixed diets.
    • Vegan diets necessitate careful supplementation or fortified food consumption to mitigate nutrient risks.
    • Further research is needed for a comprehensive understanding of all AD variations.