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Related Experiment Videos

Recognition memory and attentional selection: serial scanning is not enough.

B A Eriksen, C W Eriksen, J E Hoffman

    Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance
    |November 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Investigating memory search, this study found that extraneous visual stimuli (noise letters) do not slow down the process. However, rapid identification of target and noise occurs independently of serial comparison.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Experimental Psychology
    • Human Memory

    Background:

    • The Sternberg memory task is a standard method for studying memory search.
    • Selective attention is crucial for filtering irrelevant information during cognitive tasks.
    • Understanding how visual stimuli interfere with memory processes is key to cognitive models.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the interference of extraneous visual stimuli on memory search processes.
    • To determine if selective attention can effectively exclude noise letters from memory comparison.
    • To examine the impact of response competition from noise letters on reaction times.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the response competition paradigm in two experiments.
    • Employed memory sets of up to 10 letters.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Analyzed reaction time-set size functions and response times to positive and negative targets.

    • Main Results:

    • Reaction time-set size functions showed an increase in intercept but not slope, suggesting selective attention can exclude noise.
    • A significant difference in response times was observed when noise letters indicated competing versus the same response as the target.
    • This indicates rapid, independent identification of target and noise stimuli.

    Conclusions:

    • Selective attention can modulate the impact of irrelevant visual stimuli on memory search.
    • Cognitive processes for identifying stimuli may operate independently of serial memory comparison.
    • A modified dual process model, incorporating stimulus familiarity, can explain these findings.