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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Purification of a High Molecular Mass Protein in Streptococcus mutans
Published on: September 14, 2019
Enhanced photodynamic therapy using light fractionation against Streptococcus mutans biofilm: type I and type II
1Medical Microbiology & Molecular Biology Lab., Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
Aim:
The objective of the study was to look the efficacy of fractionated light against Streptococcus mutans biofilm.
Materials & Methods:
Antibiofilm assays (crystal violet, congo red), electron microscopic, confocal and spectroscopic studies were performed to check the effect of fractionated light.
Results:
6-6.5 log10 reduction of planktonic and 3.6-4.2 log10 reduction in biofilm were observed after irradiation with fractionated as compared with continuous light. Increased permeability to propidium iodide and leakage of cellular constituent validate the greater antibiofilm effect of fractionated light. Spectroscopic studies confirmed the relative contribution of type I and type II photochemistry.
Conclusion:
Phenothiazinium dyes have a potential against bacterial biofilm in combination with light fractionation and it offers new opportunities to explore its clinical implication.
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