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    A new compact endoscopic lens design maintains diffraction-limited optical performance across adjustable working distances. This innovation enables high-resolution medical imaging by capturing clear images of biological entities at various depths.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical engineering
    • Biomedical optics
    • Medical imaging technology

    Background:

    • Endoscopic procedures require high-resolution imaging.
    • Current endoscopic lenses face limitations in maintaining optical quality across different working distances.
    • Compactness is crucial for endoscopic device maneuverability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an internally focusing compact endoscopic lens with near-diffraction-limit optical performance.
    • To maintain constant system length and field of view while adjusting working distance.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility of adjustable focus for high-resolution endoscopic examinations.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of an internally focusing lens design.
    • Numerical demonstration of optical performance across a range of working distances.
    • Lens configuration analysis (PNN: positive-negative-negative power groups).
    • Tolerance analysis for the proposed lens design.

    Main Results:

    • The internally focusing endoscopic lens design achieves near-diffraction-limited optical performance.
    • Constant system length and field of view are maintained during focus adjustment.
    • Diffraction-limited performance is sustained over a wide range of working distances.
    • A four-element PNN lens configuration is identified as effective for high-resolution imaging.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel internally focusing endoscopic lens design is numerically feasible.
    • This design offers a significant advancement for high-resolution endoscopic examinations.
    • The ability to capture clear images at varying working distances enhances diagnostic capabilities for biological entity examination.