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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which...
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Molar Mass01:54

Molar Mass

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The identity of a substance is defined not only by the types of atoms or ions it contains but by the quantity of each type of atom or ion. For example, water, H2O, and hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, are alike in that their respective molecules are composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. However, because a hydrogen peroxide molecule contains two oxygen atoms, as opposed to the water molecule, which has only one, the two substances exhibit very different properties.
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Formula Mass and Mole Concepts of Compounds02:56

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
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Preanesthesia concerns in a patient with a thyroid mass.

Gayle B Bodner1, Ashley L Talbott

  • 1Gayle B. Bodner and Ashley L. Talbott practice in the Department of Anesthesiology at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center in Winston-Salem, N.C. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.

JAAPA : Official Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants
|February 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Preoperative evaluation is key for identifying patients with difficult airways before surgery. This allows for better planning and management of potential complications during thyroid mass removal.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Preoperative evaluation identifies patient comorbidities and surgical factors increasing perioperative risk.
  • Early identification of difficult airways is crucial for surgical planning and complication preparedness.

Observation:

  • This article specifically addresses the management of a difficult airway in the context of surgery for a thyroid mass.
  • Thyroid masses can present unique challenges to airway management due to their location and potential to obstruct.

Findings:

  • Systematic preoperative assessment aids in predicting and managing airway difficulties.
  • Proactive planning for difficult airways can mitigate risks associated with surgical procedures.

Implications:

  • Improved preoperative assessment protocols can enhance patient safety during surgeries involving thyroid masses.
  • Effective difficult airway management strategies are essential for reducing perioperative morbidity and mortality.