Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 14, 2026
12:18
Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus MRSA
Published on: February 9, 2011
23.7K
Role of Vancomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations by Modified Population Analysis Profile Method and Clinical
Trang D Trinh1,2, Evan J Zasowski1,3, Kimberly C Claeys4
1Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
Infectious Diseases and Therapy
|February 23, 2018
Summary
Modified population analysis profile (PAP) minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) may predict vancomycin treatment failures in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infective endocarditis but not pneumonia. PAP MIC is a valuable tool for assessing MRSA infection outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Clinical Microbiology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Vancomycin is the standard treatment for invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections.
- Detecting treatment failures due to heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediate subpopulations (hVISA) is challenging.
- Modified population analysis profile (PAP) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is an alternative testing method.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the role of PAP MIC in predicting vancomycin treatment failures.
- To assess outcomes in high inoculum MRSA infections, specifically infective endocarditis (IE) and pneumonia.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective, observational study of 191 adult patients with MRSA IE or pneumonia from 2008-2016.
- Patients received at least 48 hours of vancomycin.
- Primary outcome was composite failure: MRSA bacteremia ≥7 days or 30-day all-cause mortality.
Main Results:
- Approximately 19% of isolates were hVISA with a median vancomycin PAP MIC of 3.
- Over half of patients (54.5%) experienced composite failure, with higher rates in those with PAP MIC ≥4 mg/L.
- Age and APACHE II score independently predicted composite failure.
Conclusions:
- Vancomycin PAP MIC may be a more relevant predictor of patient outcomes in persistent bacteremic MRSA infections like IE.
- This susceptibility method appears less applicable to high inoculum infections with shorter bacteremia durations and higher mortality, such as pneumonia.
Related Concept Videos
01:15Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations
261
Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is commonly administered via intermittent intravenous infusion to treat severe infections. An intermittent one-hour infusion of gentamicin, administered at eight-hour intervals, allows for precise control of plasma drug concentrations, minimizing toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic principles govern the dynamics of plasma concentrations and can be mathematically described using specific equations.The plasma drug concentration...
261
02:04Conservation of Small Populations
17.4K
Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
17.4K
01:25Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis
557
Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
557
01:12Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data
815
Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...
815
01:25What is Population Genetics?
65.0K
A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
65.0K
00:57Population Growth
28.7K
Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.
28.7K