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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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The Spinal Cord01:54

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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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The thoracic section of the aorta begins at the T5 vertebra and extends to the T12 level at the diaphragm, initially progressing through the mediastinum to the left of the spinal column. Throughout its course in the thoracic segment, the thoracic aorta emits various offshoots known collectively as visceral and parietal branches. The branches that predominantly supply blood to visceral organs are termed visceral branches and include bronchial, pericardial, esophageal, and mediastinal arteries,...
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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Thoracic Spinal Cord Hemisection Surgery and Open-Field Locomotor Assessment in the Rat
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Idiopathic thoracic spinal cord herniation.

Michael G Z Ghali1, Visish M Srinivasan2, Vikas Y Rao3

  • 1Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia
|February 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Idiopathic spinal cord herniation is a rare condition typically affecting middle-aged women, presenting as progressive myelopathy. Diagnosis relies on advanced imaging, with treatment tailored to individual patient needs.

Keywords:
IdiopathicOperativeSpinal cord herniationTechniqueThoracic

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Idiopathic spinal cord herniation (ISCH) is a rare condition affecting middle-aged individuals, predominantly women.
  • It characteristically involves the mid-thoracic spine, with ventral or ventrolateral herniation.
  • Clinical manifestations often include slowly progressive myelopathy, with Brown-Séquard syndrome being more common than spastic paraparesis.

Observation:

  • Diagnosis is established through advanced imaging techniques such as high-resolution or phase-contrast MRI and CT myelography.
  • The study reviews existing literature on ISCH.
  • A case report details the operative reduction and repair of ISCH in a 66-year-old female patient.

Findings:

  • ISCH is an uncommon diagnostic entity with a specific demographic and spinal location predilection.
  • Imaging modalities are crucial for accurate diagnosis of ISCH.
  • Treatment strategies for ISCH are individualized, encompassing conservative management and surgical options.

Implications:

  • This review and case report contribute to understanding ISCH.
  • The presented surgical technique offers a potential treatment option for ISCH.
  • Further research may elucidate optimal management strategies for this rare condition.