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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

3D Flipwell Engineering for Developing Asynchronous Systems for Toxicologic and Immunomodulatory Therapies in Bacterial, Gut, and Immune Cells
Published on: October 17, 2025
Modulating bacterial and gut mucosal interactions with engineered biofilm matrix proteins
Anna M Duraj-Thatte1,2, Pichet Praveschotinunt1,2, Trevor R Nash1,2
1Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.
Engineered curli fibers display human cytokines to modulate host-microbe interactions. These bacterial matrix proteins can program biofilm properties and influence host cell behavior, offering a new approach to manipulating mucosal immunity.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Biotechnology
- Host-Microbe Interactions
Background:
- Extracellular bacterial appendages mediate host communication.
- Curli fibers are engineerable bacterial fimbriae.
Purpose of the Study:
- To engineer curli fibers for programmed host-microbe interactions.
- To display human cytokines on curli fibers to modulate mucosal epithelium components.
Main Methods:
- Engineering commensal E. coli to produce curli fibers fused to trefoil cytokines.
- Analyzing biofilm binding to mucins and mucin rheology.
- Assessing mammalian cell migration behavior in response to engineered bacteria.
Main Results:
- Engineered biofilms bound significantly more mucins than wild-type biofilms.
- Engineered biofilms modulated mucin rheology.
- Mammalian cells treated with engineered bacteria exhibited similar migration as when treated with soluble trefoil factors.
Conclusions:
- Curli fibers serve as effective scaffolds for displaying bioactive domains.
- Engineered curli fibers offer a novel method for rationally modulating host-microbe interactions.
- Bacterial matrix proteins can be utilized to program host-microbe communication.
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