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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Author Spotlight: Treating Frozen Shoulder with Small Needle Knife Therapy
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Predicting shoulder function after constraint-induced movement therapy: a retrospective cohort study.

Gunhild Mo Hansen1, Susanne Wulff Svendsen1,2, Iris Brunner1

  • 1a Hammel Neurorehabilitation Center and University Clinic , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.

Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation
|February 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Good shoulder function before constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) predicts better outcomes after the therapy. Intensive CIMT can improve upper extremity (UE) function in stroke survivors with potential.

Keywords:
CIMTCIMT – constraint-induced movement therapyConstraint-induced movement therapyUE – upper extremityWMFT – Wolf Motor Function testWMFT-FAS – Wolf Motor Function test – Functional Ability ScaleWMFTdist4– Wolf Motor Function Test sum-score of 4 defining distal function (hand function)WMFTprox4 – Wolf Motor Function test sum-score of 4 items defining proximal function (shoulder function)shoulderstrokeupper extremity

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Area of Science:

  • Rehabilitation medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Physical therapy

Background:

  • Predictors of upper extremity (UE) recovery post-stroke are known, but specific factors influencing shoulder function after constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) remain unclear.
  • Identifying these predictors is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify predictors of satisfactory shoulder function in patients with pre-existing reduced shoulder function undergoing CIMT.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 175 patients with reduced shoulder function received inpatient CIMT.
  • Multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify predictors of satisfactory shoulder function, defined by the Wolf Motor Function test's functional ability scale.

Main Results:

  • Pre-therapy distal arm function and proximal shoulder function were significant predictors of satisfactory shoulder function post-CIMT.
  • Age and time since stroke were not significant predictors.
  • 17% of participants with pre-CIMT reduced shoulder function achieved satisfactory shoulder function post-therapy.

Conclusions:

  • A notable percentage of patients with initial shoulder deficits can achieve satisfactory shoulder function following CIMT.
  • Intensive CIMT, incorporating both distal and proximal UE tasks, may enhance shoulder function in patients with functional reserve.