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Coffee for Cardioprotection and Longevity.
James H O'Keefe1, James J DiNicolantonio1, Carl J Lavie2
1Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, United States.
Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
|February 24, 2018
Summary
Regular coffee consumption is linked to reduced mortality and cardiovascular disease risk. While generally safe and beneficial, potential risks from caffeine should be considered.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Coffee contains numerous bioactive compounds influencing human health.
- Recent research highlights associations between coffee intake and various health outcomes.
- Observational studies consistently report an inverse relationship between coffee consumption and mortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the health outcomes associated with habitual coffee consumption.
- To evaluate the risks and benefits of regular coffee intake.
- To identify optimal consumption levels for health benefits.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of published studies on coffee and health.
- Analysis of observational data from large prospective cohorts.
- Evaluation of evidence regarding cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological effects.
Main Results:
- Coffee consumption is associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
- Reduced risks observed for coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, type 2 diabetes, depression, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, asthma, liver disease, and cancer.
- Neutral effects on arrhythmias and hypertension.
- Potential risks include anxiety, insomnia, headaches, and palpitations due to caffeine; increased fracture risk in women; and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Habitual consumption of 3-4 cups of coffee daily is generally safe and linked to the most significant health benefits.
- Benefits must be balanced against potential caffeine-related risks and specific population concerns (e.g., pregnancy, fracture risk in women).
- Further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm findings from observational studies.
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