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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Electromagnetics
    • Metamaterials

    Background:

    • Metasurfaces offer unique electromagnetic wave manipulation capabilities.
    • Achieving dynamic tunability in metasurfaces remains a significant challenge.
    • Traditional metasurfaces often lack reconfigurability or require complex external mechanisms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel, structurally reconfigurable metasurface.
    • To demonstrate dynamic frequency tuning using shape memory alloys (SMA).
    • To explore the design and operational principles of SMA-based metasurfaces.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a metasurface utilizing shape memory alloys (SMA).
    • Application of thermal stimulus to induce structural reconfiguration of unit cells.
    • Utilizing equivalent circuit models for design and analysis.
    • Interpreting physical mechanisms via surface current distribution analysis.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a wide tuning range from 13.3 GHz to 17.2 GHz for both polarizations.
    • Demonstrated repeated, controlled morphological changes in unit cells via thermal stimulus.
    • Experimental results showed strong agreement with numerical simulations.
    • Validated the effectiveness of equivalent circuit models for design.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed all-metal metasurface offers high controllability for dynamic electromagnetic wave manipulation.
    • SMA-based reconfigurable metasurfaces provide design freedom and manufacturing advantages.
    • This technology is suitable for applications requiring wide-spectrum electromagnetic wave control.