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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

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G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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A couple is a pair of parallel forces equal in magnitude but in opposite directions. The forces are separated by a perpendicular distance, known as the couple's arm. The couple causes a rotation force or moment that rotates the body about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the forces. The resulting moment is referred to as the couple moment. The SI unit of a couple moment is the Newton-meter (N-m).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Integrated Cell Manipulation Platform Coupled with the Single-probe for Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Drugs and Metabolites in Single Suspension Cells
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Cellular dielectrophoresis coupled with single-cell analysis.

Min Li1, Robbyn K Anand2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2415 Osborn Dr., 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
|February 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dielectrophoresis enables precise single-cell analysis without labels. Recent advancements enhance cell separation, confinement, and manipulation for complex biological samples, paving the way for advanced diagnostics.

Keywords:
Cell heterogeneityDielectrophoresisOff-chipOn-chipSingle-cell analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Cell Biology
  • Bioengineering

Background:

  • Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an electric-field-induced force used for cell manipulation.
  • DEP offers label-free selectivity for analyzing biological cells.
  • Eukaryotic cells are the primary focus for these advanced analytical techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in dielectrophoretic approaches for single-cell analysis.
  • To highlight technical improvements in cell separation, confinement, and manipulation.
  • To discuss future opportunities for point-of-care applications and unraveling cell-to-cell variations.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging dielectrophoretic principles for both on-chip and off-chip single-cell analysis.
  • Improving volumetric throughput for cell separation from complex mixtures.
  • Developing strategies for massively parallel single-cell confinement and selective off-chip transport.
  • Integrating preconcentration and prefocusing steps to optimize DEP performance.

Main Results:

  • Enhanced dielectrophoretic performance and throughput in cell separation and analysis.
  • Demonstration of assays in small reaction volumes, including enzymatic assays and immunostaining.
  • Development of all-in-one platforms for analyzing complex cell mixtures.
  • Enabled selective transport of individual cells for off-chip analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Dielectrophoretic techniques are advancing single-cell analysis capabilities.
  • Future work focuses on on-chip gene amplification, live-cell assays, and manipulation in native media.
  • These advancements hold significant potential for point-of-care diagnostics and understanding cellular heterogeneity.