Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

62.4K
Overview
62.4K
Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups01:09

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups

6.1K
Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...
6.1K
Directing Effect of Substituents: ortho–para-Directing Groups01:14

Directing Effect of Substituents: ortho–para-Directing Groups

8.6K
Ortho–para directors are substituent groups attached to the benzene ring and direct the addition of an electrophile to the positions ortho or para to the substituent. All electron-donating groups are considered ortho–para directors. They donate electrons to the ring and make the ring more electron-rich. The ring is therefore susceptible to the addition of electrophiles. Substituents such as amino, hydroxy, or alkoxy, containing lone pairs on the atom adjacent to the ring, donate...
8.6K
Directional Terms01:14

Directional Terms

17.1K
Directional terms are essential for describing the relative locations of different body structures. For instance, an anatomist might describe one band of tissue as "inferior to" another, or a physician might describe a tumor as "superficial to" a deeper body structure. These terms often use comparative terms in pairs to trace out the relative locations of one body part to another or descriptions of body tissues like the deeper ones from superficially present with reference to...
17.1K
Directional Relays01:25

Directional Relays

620
Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
620
Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

4.6K
The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
4.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Italian Olfactory Identification Test in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Association of Olfactory Impairment With Chronic Damage and Anti-β<sub>2</sub>-Glycoprotein I Antibodies.

ACR open rheumatology·2026
Same author

Pre-test probability determines optimal ANA screening strategy: a risk-stratified comparison of indirect immunofluorescence and CTD screen assay.

Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine·2026
Same author

Chasing the target: reports from the Advances in Targeted Therapies meeting, 2025.

Annals of the rheumatic diseases·2026
Same author

Correction: Comparative Effectiveness of Bimekizumab and Secukinumab in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis at 52 Weeks Using a Matching-Adjusted Indirect Comparison.

Rheumatology and therapy·2026
Same author

Combination Therapy in Participants With Active Psoriatic Arthritis Using Subcutaneous Guselkumab and Golimumab: Week 24 Results From a Phase 2a, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Proof-of-Concept Study.

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026
Same author

Evolving Therapeutic Strategies in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: Current Standards and Emerging Targets for GPA and MPA.

Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Author Spotlight: Isolation and Culture of Primary Synovial Macrophages and Fibroblasts from Murine Arthritis Tissue
09:18

Author Spotlight: Isolation and Culture of Primary Synovial Macrophages and Fibroblasts from Murine Arthritis Tissue

Published on: February 24, 2023

10.4K

Psoriatic arthritis: tissue-directed inflammation?

Giacomo Cafaro1, Iain B McInnes2

  • 1Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy. giacomo.cafaro@libero.it.

Clinical Rheumatology
|February 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) presents heterogeneously across tissues due to partially understood pathogenic events. This review explores genetic, environmental, and immunological factors contributing to PsA

Keywords:
GeneticsMicrobiotaPathogenesisPsoriasisPsoriatic arthritis

More Related Videos

A Cryo-pulverization Protocol for Processing Mouse Paws to Evaluate Molecular Pathways of Tissue Inflammation in a Collagen Induced Arthritis Model
11:03

A Cryo-pulverization Protocol for Processing Mouse Paws to Evaluate Molecular Pathways of Tissue Inflammation in a Collagen Induced Arthritis Model

Published on: October 30, 2019

9.1K
In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Tumors and Arthritis Using Fluorescent SapC-DOPS Nanovesicles
09:04

In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Tumors and Arthritis Using Fluorescent SapC-DOPS Nanovesicles

Published on: May 2, 2014

11.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Author Spotlight: Isolation and Culture of Primary Synovial Macrophages and Fibroblasts from Murine Arthritis Tissue
09:18

Author Spotlight: Isolation and Culture of Primary Synovial Macrophages and Fibroblasts from Murine Arthritis Tissue

Published on: February 24, 2023

10.4K
A Cryo-pulverization Protocol for Processing Mouse Paws to Evaluate Molecular Pathways of Tissue Inflammation in a Collagen Induced Arthritis Model
11:03

A Cryo-pulverization Protocol for Processing Mouse Paws to Evaluate Molecular Pathways of Tissue Inflammation in a Collagen Induced Arthritis Model

Published on: October 30, 2019

9.1K
In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Tumors and Arthritis Using Fluorescent SapC-DOPS Nanovesicles
09:04

In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Tumors and Arthritis Using Fluorescent SapC-DOPS Nanovesicles

Published on: May 2, 2014

11.8K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) exhibits heterogeneous clinical manifestations across various tissues, including skin and joints.
  • Pathogenic mechanisms underlying tissue-specific PsA development and treatment responses remain incompletely understood.
  • While shared genetic factors exist with psoriasis (PSO), tissue-specific variants and differential pathway activation (e.g., TNF, IL-23/Th17) are implicated in PsA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on psoriatic arthritis pathogenesis.
  • To present a hypothesis explaining tissue-specific variations in PsA expression.
  • To elucidate the interplay of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and immunology in PsA.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of genetic, environmental, and immunological studies on psoriatic arthritis.
  • Analysis of existing data on pathway activation in different tissue sites.
  • Synthesis of information to formulate a hypothesis on tissue-specific PsA pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Identified shared genetic predisposition factors between PsA and PSO, alongside tissue-specific variants.
  • Highlighted differential activation of TNF and IL-23/Th17 pathways in distinct tissue sites in PsA.
  • Provided a framework for understanding how a common immunologic process leads to varied tissue manifestations.

Conclusions:

  • Psoriatic arthritis pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of shared and specific genetic factors, environmental triggers, and immunological responses.
  • Differential immune pathway activation contributes significantly to the heterogeneous clinical presentation of PsA across different tissues.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms driving tissue-specific disease expression in psoriatic arthritis.