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Related Concept Videos

Isotopes01:12

Isotopes

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Elements have a set number of protons that determines their atomic number (Z). For example, all atoms with eight protons are oxygen; however, the number of neutrons can vary for atoms of the same element. The sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called isotopes. Elements can have multiple isotopes, for example, carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14.
An element's atomic mass, or weight,...
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Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes02:31

Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes

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A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common English name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language — Latin, Greek or German. For example, the symbol for aluminum (common name)...
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Isochoric and Isobaric Processes01:21

Isochoric and Isobaric Processes

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A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant volume is called an isochoric process. According to the first law of thermodynamics, heat supplied or removed from the system is partially utilized to perform work and change the internal energy of the system. However, in an isochoric process, the volume remains constant. Hence, the work done by the system is zero. Therefore, the exchange of heat changes the internal energy of the system only. 
Suppose 1000 g of water is heated from 40...
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Isotopes and Radioisotopes01:28

Isotopes and Radioisotopes

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In the early 1900s, English chemist Frederick Soddy realized that an element could have atoms with different masses that were chemically indistinguishable. These different types are called isotopes — atoms of the same element that differ in mass. Isotopes differ in mass because they have different numbers of neutrons but are chemically identical because they have the same number of protons. Soddy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for this discovery.
An isotope containing...
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Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect01:13

Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect

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Most elements exist in nature as a mixture of isotopes. The isotopes differ in weight due to their respective number of neutrons. The molecular weight of a molecule is different depending on the specific isotope of its elements involved. As a result, the mass spectrum of the molecule exhibits peaks from the same fragment at multiple positions. The positions of these mass signals depend on the mass differences between isotopes. Furthermore, the intensity of these signals is dependent on the...
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Tagging and Fusion Proteins01:24

Tagging and Fusion Proteins

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Proteins are involved in several cellular processes and biochemical reactions. Analyzing a specific protein of interest requires it to be isolated from the other proteins in the cell. This is achieved by overexpressing the specific gene in a suitable host to produce large quantities of the target protein. A tag or label is recombined with the gene to produce a fusion protein containing the target protein and the tag. The tags on these fusion proteins can then be used for easy detection and...
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Automated Sample Multiplexing by using Combined Precursor Isotopic Labeling and Isobaric Tagging cPILOT
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Quantitative Peptidomics with Isotopic and Isobaric Tags.

Kurt Boonen1, Wouter De Haes1,2, Joris Van Houtven3

  • 1Research Group of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|February 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Quantitative differential peptidomics compares peptide levels between samples to understand phenotype effects. This study details a method using stable amine-binding isotopic and isobaric tags for accurate peptide quantification.

Keywords:
4-Trimethylammoniumbutyryl (TMAB)Differential peptidomicsLabel-basedMass spectrometryTandem mass tags (TMT)

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Proteomics
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Differential peptidomics compares peptide expression levels between biological samples.
  • Quantitative analysis is crucial for understanding peptide roles in phenotypes.
  • Label-based techniques offer advantages in reducing variation for quantitative peptidomics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a method for quantitative peptidomics.
  • To utilize stable amine-binding isotopic and isobaric tags for peptide quantification.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative differential peptidomics.
  • Stable amine-binding isotopic and isobaric tagging.
  • Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis.

Main Results:

  • Detailed methodology for quantitative peptidomics.
  • Application of stable tags for sample pooling and reduced variation.

Conclusions:

  • Stable amine-binding tags provide a robust method for quantitative peptidomics.
  • This approach enhances accuracy by minimizing between-run variation in LC-MS analysis.