Pd(II)/Pd(0) anchored to magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) modified with biguanidine-chitosan polymer as a novel...

This article is devoted to synthesis of a new magnetic interphase palladium catalyst that has been immobilized on chitosan-biguanidine coated-magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles [Pd(0/II)/CS-bigua@Fe₃O₄]. Such surface functionalization of magnetic particles is a promising method to bridge the gap between heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis approaches. The structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties of the particles were characterized through different analytical techniques, including Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDX), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Pd(0/II)/CS-bigua@Fe₃O₄ demonstrated high catalytic activity as a recyclable nanocatalyst toward Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions, at room temperature. Furthermore, the catalyst could be recovered and reused several times with no significant palladium leaching or change in its activity.