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Niacin.

James B Kirkland1, Mirella L Meyer-Ficca2

  • 1Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.

Advances in Food and Nutrition Research
|February 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Dietary niacin intake is crucial for cellular energy and genetic stability. This research explores niacin

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Epigenetics and Aging

Background:

  • Niacin (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) is a vitamin precursor to essential cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP).
  • NAD(P) are vital for cellular redox reactions, metabolism, respiration, and serve as cosubstrates for enzymes like poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases and sirtuins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between dietary niacin, NAD(P) levels, and the function of NAD(P)-dependent epigenetic regulators.
  • To explore the role of niacin in regulating physiological processes, including genetic stability, metabolism, and aging.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on niacin metabolism and its enzymatic targets.
  • Analysis of the connection between dietary niacin intake and NAD(P) availability.
Keywords:
ADP-ribose transferaseARTDNiacinNicotinamideNicotinamide adenine dinucleotidePARPPellagraPoly(ADP-ribose)polymeraseSirtuinVitamin B3

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  • Examination of the impact of NAD(P) levels on epigenetic regulators and associated physiological functions.

    • Main Results:

    • Growing evidence highlights a strong correlation between dietary niacin, cellular NAD(P) pools, and the activity of key epigenetic enzymes.
    • Niacin intake influences genetic stability and epigenetic mechanisms controlling metabolism and aging.
    • NAD-related pathways are implicated in various diseases, including cancer, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Dietary niacin plays a central role in regulating fundamental physiological processes through NAD(P) and epigenetic pathways.
    • Understanding niacin's role is shifting its perception from a simple vitamin to a potential therapeutic agent for diverse diseases.
    • Further research into niacin's therapeutic potential for NAD-related conditions is warranted.