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Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI
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Turning negative memories around: Contingency versus devaluation techniques.

Pauline Dibbets1, Anke Lemmens1, Marisol Voncken1

  • 1Maastricht University, The Netherlands.

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
|February 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extinction (EXT) therapy is most effective in reducing conditioned fear responses by altering stimulus contingencies. Devaluation techniques were equally effective in reducing the mental representation of the unconditioned stimulus (US).

Keywords:
ExtinctionEye movement desensitization and reprocessingFear conditioningImagery rescriptingReinstatement

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Fear responses can be modified by altering the contingency between conditioned stimuli (CS) and unconditioned stimuli (US).
  • Devaluing the mental representation of the US is another intervention strategy.
  • Comparing contingency-based and devaluation-based interventions is crucial for understanding fear reduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of extinction (contingency-based) versus devaluation-based techniques in diminishing and reinstating fear.
  • To investigate if extinction is superior in reducing contingency-based US expectancies.
  • To determine if devaluation techniques are more effective in reducing the mental US representation.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy participants underwent a fear conditioning paradigm.
  • Interventions included extinction (EXT), imagery rescripting (ImRs), and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).
  • A reinstatement procedure and test were conducted the following day.

Main Results:

  • Extinction (EXT) was most successful in diminishing contingency-based US expectancies and skin conductance responses (SCRs).
  • All interventions equally reduced the averseness of the mental US representation.
  • Following reinstatement, EXT showed the lowest expectancies and SCRs, with no significant differences in mental US representation.

Conclusions:

  • Extinction (EXT) therapy is the most effective method for reducing conditioned fear responses.
  • Contingency-based interventions like EXT show superior results in diminishing fear.
  • Further research is needed to generalize findings to clinical populations.