Acid-Base and Electrolyte Managements in Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease: Case-Based Discussion

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Internal Medicine
• Clinical Pathophysiology

Background:

• Acid-base and electrolyte disturbances are prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney failure (ESRF).
• These alterations escalate in complexity with disease progression, contributing significantly to patient morbidity and mortality.

Observation:

• Presents three distinct cases highlighting characteristic features of acid-base and electrolyte imbalances in CKD and ESRF.
• Each case includes detailed pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies.

Findings:

• Integrates recent investigational findings with established knowledge on managing these complex disruptions.
• Highlights the need for well-designed, multi-faceted management plans to address CKD/ESRF-related electrolyte and acid-base issues.

Implications:

• Current evidence for specific dialysis prescriptions is limited, emphasizing the need for individualized management.
• Stresses the urgent requirement for prospective interventional trials to optimize treatment protocols for these common complications.