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Neuroepigenetics and addiction.

Deena M Walker1, Eric J Nestler1

  • 1Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|February 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drug addiction stems from genetic and environmental factors, causing lasting brain changes. Understanding these genetic and epigenetic mechanisms is key to developing new treatments for addiction.

Keywords:
DNA methylationaddictionchromatinepigeneticsgenomewide association studieshistone modificationssmall noncoding RNAssubstance abuse disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Drug addiction is a complex syndrome with long-term behavioral changes.
  • It arises from interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental factors.
  • Changes in gene expression within the brain's reward circuitry are implicated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent evidence on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in addiction.
  • To explore these mechanisms in both human studies and animal models.
  • To highlight the role of the mesolimbic dopamine system.

Main Methods:

  • Genomewide association studies (GWAS) to identify risk genes.
  • Epigenetic studies in animal models to understand enduring drug effects.
  • Analysis of gene expression changes in the reward circuitry.

Main Results:

  • Genomewide association studies have identified potential addiction risk genes.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial role in mediating long-term drug effects.
  • Regulatory events in the reward circuitry are linked to addiction.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic and epigenetic factors significantly contribute to addiction.
  • Insights into these mechanisms are vital for novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate these complex pathways.