Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

24.2K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
24.2K
Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate02:55

Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate

89.3K
The Collision Theory
Atoms, molecules, or ions must collide before they can react with each other. Atoms must be close together to form chemical bonds. This premise is the basis for a theory that explains many observations regarding chemical kinetics, including factors affecting reaction rates.
The collision theory is based on the postulates that (i) the reaction rate is proportional to the rate of reactant collisions, (ii) the reacting species collide in an orientation allowing contact between...
89.3K
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

1.7K
Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
1.7K
Contact-dependent Signaling01:19

Contact-dependent Signaling

47.6K
Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
Gap Junctions
In animal cells, gap junctions are formed...
47.6K
Independent and Dependent Sources01:18

Independent and Dependent Sources

2.6K
In electrical circuits, sources play a crucial role in providing power for the operation of the circuit. These sources can be broadly categorized into two types: independent and dependent.
Independent voltage or current sources supply a fixed amount of voltage or current, respectively, which is unaffected by other elements within the circuit. These are represented using specific symbols. Independent voltage sources are symbolized with polarities (+ and -), indicating the direction of the...
2.6K
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

6.3K
Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
6.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ergothioneine Treatment Ameliorates the Pathological Phenotypes of Parkinson's Disease Models.

Journal of neurochemistry·2025
Same author

Diversity and Distribution of Mites (ACARI) Revealed by Contamination Survey in Public Genomic Databases.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2023
Same author

A Large-Scale Study into Protist-Animal Interactions Based on Public Genomic Data Using DNA Barcodes.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2023
Same author

Positive Selection and Duplication of Bat TRIM Family Proteins.

Viruses·2023
Same author

Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy following anterior cervical surgery subsequent to contralateral apical lung radiotherapy.

Archive of clinical cases·2023
Same author

Wrist Arthrodesis Using the Medartis Carpometacarpal Joint Sparing Plate.

Hand (New York, N.Y.)·2022
Same journal

Gut commensal Bacteroides-derived pantothenic acid alleviates metabolic syndrome.

Cell host & microbe·2026
Same journal

Predicting antimicrobial resistance for precision medicine.

Cell host & microbe·2026
Same journal

Meta-analysis reveals microbiome signatures for colorectal cancer that are universal across age groups and sequencing methods.

Cell host & microbe·2026
Same journal

Single-cell detection and quantification of the microbiota by MicFLY.

Cell host & microbe·2026
Same journal

Suppression of host salicylic acid defense by a phloem-colonizing pathogen effector in citrus Huanglongbing.

Cell host & microbe·2026
Same journal

CBASS limits bacteriophage production while maintaining cell viability in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Cell host & microbe·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Standard Operating Procedure for Lyssavirus Surveillance of the Bat Population in Taiwan
07:55

Standard Operating Procedure for Lyssavirus Surveillance of the Bat Population in Taiwan

Published on: August 27, 2019

8.0K

Dampened STING-Dependent Interferon Activation in Bats.

Jiazheng Xie1, Yang Li1, Xurui Shen1

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China.

Cell Host & Microbe
|February 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bats possess a dampened interferon response due to a mutation in the STING protein, impacting their ability to manage viral infections and contributing to their role as virus reservoirs.

Keywords:
DNA sensingSTINGbatsdampenedinterferonvirus

More Related Videos

A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3
11:44

A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3

Published on: January 24, 2016

12.5K
Tissue Collection of Bats for -Omics Analyses and Primary Cell Culture
15:31

Tissue Collection of Bats for -Omics Analyses and Primary Cell Culture

Published on: October 23, 2019

13.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Standard Operating Procedure for Lyssavirus Surveillance of the Bat Population in Taiwan
07:55

Standard Operating Procedure for Lyssavirus Surveillance of the Bat Population in Taiwan

Published on: August 27, 2019

8.0K
A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3
11:44

A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3

Published on: January 24, 2016

12.5K
Tissue Collection of Bats for -Omics Analyses and Primary Cell Culture
15:31

Tissue Collection of Bats for -Omics Analyses and Primary Cell Culture

Published on: October 23, 2019

13.0K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Mammalian Genetics

Background:

  • Bats exhibit longer lifespans and coexist with viruses, despite high cytosolic DNA from infections and flight-related damage.
  • The mechanisms behind bats' tolerance to high cytosolic DNA levels and viral coexistence are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the alterations in the bat DNA sensing and interferon defense system.
  • To determine the role of the STING protein in bat immune responses to cytosolic DNA.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of bat STING protein sequence and function.
  • Genetic manipulation to reverse a specific mutation in the bat STING protein.
  • Assessment of interferon response and viral inhibition following STING modification.

Main Results:

  • Bats possess a mutated STING protein (lacking serine at S358), leading to a dampened interferon response.
  • Restoring serine at S358 in STING reactivated interferon production and inhibited viral replication.
  • This finding, alongside changes in other DNA sensors, explains bat adaptations.

Conclusions:

  • A specific STING mutation in bats dampens interferon responses, enabling coexistence with viruses.
  • This immune adaptation is crucial for bat flight, longevity, and their role as viral reservoirs.
  • Understanding these mechanisms offers insights into host-pathogen interactions.