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Related Concept Videos

Random and Systematic Errors01:20

Random and Systematic Errors

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Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
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Systematic Sampling Method01:17

Systematic Sampling Method

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
Systematic sampling is one of the simplest methods...
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Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error01:10

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The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this...
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Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors01:15

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In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
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Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations01:21

Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations

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Equilibrium calculations for systems involving multiple equilibria are often complex. For example, to calculate the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in an aqueous solution in the presence of a common ion, one must consider all the equilibria in this solution. Calculations for these systems can be complicated and tedious, so a systematic approach with a series of steps is often helpful. The process is detailed below.
The first step is to identify all the chemical reactions involved, The...
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Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
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Is systematic mandibular retention mandatory? A systematic review.

Hajar Ben Mohimd1, Loubna Bahije1, Fatima Zaoui1

  • 1Department of Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Consultation and Dental Care Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rabat University of Mohammed V, Allal El Fassi Avenue, Mohammed Jazouli Street, Al Irfane, BP 6212, Rabat Institute, Rabat, Morocco.

International Orthodontics
|February 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Mandibular anterior crowding relapse is common, with female patients, thin bone, and aligner treatments potentially increasing risk. More research is needed to confirm these factors for orthodontic stability.

Keywords:
Anterior mandibular crowdingRelapseStabilitySystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Dental Stability
  • Mandibular Crowding

Background:

  • Orthodontic relapse, especially mandibular anterior crowding, presents challenges for practitioners and patients.
  • Understanding relapse factors is crucial for achieving stable long-term orthodontic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review scientific literature to identify factors contributing to mandibular anterior crowding relapse.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search of Medline PubMed and other databases was conducted from 2005 to 2016.
  • Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria by two independent investigators.
  • Keywords were used in both English and French to ensure comprehensive search results.

Main Results:

  • Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria, examining factors like treatment type, residual growth, facial divergence, periodontium, retainers, incisor morphology, and occlusion.
  • Female patients, thin cortical bone, and the use of aligner treatments were associated with increased relapse rates.
  • However, low evidence levels and study heterogeneity limited definitive conclusions on relapse factors.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence is insufficient to definitively identify key factors causing mandibular anterior crowding relapse.
  • Further high-quality prospective studies are necessary to provide reliable and quantifiable data on relapse determinants.