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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

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3D Printed Surgical Simulation Models as educational tool by maxillofacial surgeons.

S M Werz1,2, S J Zeichner2,3, B-I Berg4

  • 1Department of Head-, Neck- and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medius Klinik, Ostfildern-Ruit, Germany.

European Journal of Dental Education : Official Journal of the Association for Dental Education in Europe
|February 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inexpensive 3D-printed models using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polylactic acid (PLA) are suitable for training dental students and oral surgery residents. Surgeons found both materials effective for simulating bone in surgical procedures.

Keywords:
3D-printingmedical additive manufacturingmedical training and educationsurgical models

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Surgical Simulation
  • 3D Printing in Medicine

Background:

  • Traditional surgical training methods face limitations in accessibility and cost.
  • 3D printing offers a potential solution for creating realistic anatomical models.
  • Evaluating cost-effective filament materials for simulating human bone is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the suitability of inexpensive 3D-printed models for surgical skills training.
  • To compare acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA) filaments for bone simulation.
  • To gather subjective perceptions from experienced surgeons on material performance.

Main Methods:

  • 3D printing of upper and lower jaw models using ABS and PLA filaments.
  • Inclusion of silicon rubber for soft tissue simulation.
  • Ten blinded, experienced maxillofacial surgeons performed simulated sinus lifts and wisdom teeth extractions.
  • Evaluation via a questionnaire assessing model suitability and material performance.

Main Results:

  • 3D-printed models cost approximately $1.40-$2.00 USD per unit.
  • All participating surgeons found the models suitable for surgical education.
  • No significant differences were observed between ABS and PLA filaments; both offered distinct advantages.

Conclusions:

  • 3D printing with affordable filaments is a viable method for training oral and maxillofacial surgery residents and dental students.
  • This cost-efficient process enables small-scale production of patient-specific models for diverse surgical procedures.
  • 3D-printed models enhance surgical training by providing realistic simulation of complex procedures.