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Ions as Acids and Bases

Ions as Acids and Bases

Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

Formation of Complex Ions

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...

Alkali Metals

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals

Bonding in Metals

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.

Precipitation of Ions

Precipitation of Ions

Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Focused Ion Beam Lithography to Etch Nano-architectures into Microelectrodes

Focused Ion Beam Lithography to Etch Nano-architectures into Microelectrodes

Published on: January 19, 2020

A controllable etching supramolecular hydrogel based on metal ions.

Tianxiang Luan¹, Mingfang Ma, Pengyao Xing

¹School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China. haoay@sdu.edu.cn.

|February 27, 2018

Summary

A novel gel-etching system exhibits tunable etching rates and color changes with different molecules. This discovery offers potential for advanced molecular recognition and functional materials.

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Focused Ion Beam Lithography to Etch Nano-architectures into Microelectrodes

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Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemical Engineering
Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

Gel-based materials are widely used in various applications.
Controlling gel properties dynamically remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel gel system with controllable etching properties.
To explore the potential applications of this dynamic gel system.

Main Methods:

Investigated a gel system responsive to specific etching molecules.
Monitored etching rates and observed color changes upon molecule addition.

Main Results:

The gel system demonstrated distinct etching rates correlated with different etching molecules.
Observable color changes occurred during the etching process.
The system showed sensitivity to molecular interactions.

Conclusions:

A new gel-etching system with tunable properties has been successfully developed.
This system shows promise for applications in molecular recognition and functional materials.
The observed color changes provide a visual indicator of molecular interactions.