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Related Concept Videos

Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

91.5K
The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

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Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
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Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
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Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

11.0K
Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
11.0K
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Ion Channels in Cancer: Characterization and Potential Treatment Approaches
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Hypothalamic Ion Channels in Hypertension.

Vera Geraldes1, Sérgio Laranjo1, Isabel Rocha2,3

  • 1Instituto de Fisiologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal.

Current Hypertension Reports
|February 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Altered hypothalamic ion channels contribute to hypertension by increasing sympathetic drive. Modulating these channels offers potential new treatments for high blood pressure.

Keywords:
Calcium channelsHypertensionHypothalamusIon channelsPotassium channelsSodium channelsSympathetic nervous system

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Hypertension is a widespread health issue involving multiple organ systems, notably the central nervous system (CNS).
  • The hypothalamus plays a critical role in hypertension development, with altered neuronal activity linked to increased sympathetic drive and elevated blood pressure.
  • Ion channels are crucial for regulating neuronal excitability and are implicated in hypothalamic dysfunction contributing to hypertension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review hypothalamic ion channels involved in hypertension pathogenesis.
  • To highlight recent findings on the role of hypothalamic ion channels in blood pressure regulation.
  • To explore the potential of ion channel modulation as an interventional strategy for hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating hypothalamic ion channels and their role in hypertension.
  • Analysis of evidence linking altered ion channel function in hypothalamic neurons to sympathetic activity.
  • Synthesis of recent research on the impact of ion channel modulation on central blood pressure control.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests that altered function of ion channels, including sodium, calcium, and potassium channels, in hypothalamic neurons contributes to hypertension.
  • Modulation of these hypothalamic ion channels can influence the central nervous system's control over blood pressure.
  • Specific ion channels in the hypothalamus are identified as key players in regulating sympathetic outflow.

Conclusions:

  • Hypothalamic ion channels are significant contributors to the central regulation of blood pressure.
  • Targeting hypothalamic ion channels presents a promising avenue for developing novel therapeutic strategies for hypertension.
  • Further research into hypothalamic ion channel function is warranted for effective hypertension management.