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Grasping movements automatically adjust to object changes, even when volitional control is attempted. These automatic grip adjustments suggest distinct neural mechanisms for automatic versus volitional movement control.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Human Factors

Background:

  • Humans naturally select stable grasp points for object manipulation.
  • Online grip adjustments can occur during movement in response to object perturbations.
  • The interplay between automatic and volitional control in grasping remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether online grip adjustments are automatic or volitionally controlled.
  • To differentiate the mechanisms underlying automatic and volitional grip control.

Main Methods:

  • Subjects performed virtual 2D shape grasping tasks with unexpected shape/orientation perturbations.
  • Experiment 1: Brief, transient perturbations were presented, with instructions to ignore them.
  • Experiment 2: A stop-signal task was used, with perturbations acting as stop cues.

Main Results:

  • Online grip adjustments occurred towards the perturbed shape's expected grip axis, despite instructions to ignore perturbations.
  • These automatic adjustments persisted even when subjects attempted volitional control or were signaled to stop.
  • Grip adjustments continued after hand motion ceased, indicating co-occurrence with volitional responses.

Conclusions:

  • Automatic control mechanisms guide finger placement for grasping.
  • These automatic mechanisms appear distinct from volitional control systems.
  • Grasping behavior involves both automatic and volitional control pathways.