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Nonequilibrium Quantum Phase Transition in a Hybrid Atom-Optomechanical System.

Niklas Mann1, M Reza Bakhtiari1, Axel Pelster2

  • 1I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstraße 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany.

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We discovered a new quantum phase transition in a hybrid system of atoms and a nanomembrane. This transition leads to strong entanglement between the atoms and the membrane.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Optomechanics

Background:

  • Hybrid quantum systems integrate distinct quantum components.
  • Optomechanical interactions couple light fields with mechanical elements.
  • Ultracold atoms in optical lattices offer controllable quantum states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate a hybrid quantum system combining a nanomembrane and ultracold atoms.
  • Explore the effects of optomechanical interaction and atom-membrane coupling.
  • Identify potential quantum phase transitions and emergent phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of a hybrid quantum many-body system.
  • Optomechanical interaction of a nanomembrane with a cavity light field.
  • Ultracold atom gas confined in an optical lattice.
  • Adiabatic elimination of the light field to derive an effective Hamiltonian.

Main Results:

  • An effective Hamiltonian reveals competition between atom localization and membrane displacement.
  • A nonequilibrium quantum phase transition occurs at critical atom-membrane interaction.
  • The system transitions from a symmetric localized state to a symmetry-broken state.
  • The lowest collective excitation energy vanishes at the transition.
  • Strong atom-membrane entanglement is generated.

Conclusions:

  • Nonresonant coupling between atoms and the membrane drives a quantum phase transition.
  • The observed transition is a novel example of a nonequilibrium quantum phase transition.
  • The hybrid system exhibits strong quantum correlations and entanglement.