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Related Concept Videos

Layers of the Epidermis01:21

Layers of the Epidermis

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The epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, is composed of several distinct layers. From deep to superficial, the layers of the epidermis are as follows:
Stratum Basale
Stratum basale, also known as the stratum germinativum, is the deepest layer of the epidermis. It is composed of a single layer of actively dividing cells called basal cells or basal keratinocytes. These cells constantly undergo cell division to replenish the upper layers of the epidermis. Additionally, melanocytes, which...
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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
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Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
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Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.
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There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Inhibition of Wound Epidermis Formation via Full Skin Flap Surgery During Axolotl Limb Regeneration
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Multiscale modeling of layer formation in epidermis.

Huijing Du1, Yangyang Wang2,3, Daniel Haensel3,4

  • 1Department of Mathematics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America.

Plos Computational Biology
|February 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Epidermal development relies on balanced cell proliferation and differentiation. Selective cell adhesion and morphogen signaling are key for forming stratified skin layers, crucial for tissue development and repair.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Computational Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Mammalian skin epidermis is a multilayered tissue crucial for protection.
  • The precise mechanisms governing epidermal stratification from precursor cells are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model and understand the key factors controlling mammalian epidermal development.
  • To investigate the roles of cell division, cell fate, adhesion, and morphogens in epidermal stratification.

Main Methods:

  • Development of stochastic, 3D, multiscale computational models of epidermal lineage.
  • Inclusion of symmetric/asymmetric cell divisions, cell fate transitions, morphogens, and cell adhesion.
  • Implementation of a GPU algorithm for accelerated simulations.

Main Results:

  • A balance between cell proliferation and differentiation is essential for epidermal development and maintenance.
  • Selective intercellular adhesion sharpens layer boundaries and promotes ordered structure formation.
  • Long-range morphogen action provides feedback, enhancing layer formation robustness.

Conclusions:

  • Key determinants of stratified epidermis include balanced proliferation/differentiation and combined short/long-range regulations.
  • These principles apply to developmental, regenerative, and pathological processes like wound healing.
  • Model findings show consistency with experimental data on Ovol transcription factors.