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Related Concept Videos

Blood Pressure01:24

Blood Pressure

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The movement of blood in a human body, commonly referred to as blood flow, is determined by the volume of blood that traverses a certain section of the bodily system per unit time. It is the rhythmic contraction of the heart's ventricles that primarily instigates this movement. As the ventricles contract, blood is forced into the prominent arteries, which then flow from areas of greater pressure to lower pressure areas. This movement continues into smaller arteries and arterioles and...
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Blood Pressure01:30

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Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure or force of blood exerted on the artery's walls as it circulates through the body. It is essential for maintaining blood flow throughout the body.
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Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation03:12

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Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
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Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

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Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a...
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Factors affecting Blood pressure01:28

Factors affecting Blood pressure

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Several physiological and lifestyle factors influence blood pressure (BP). Understanding these factors is crucial as they are significant in patient education and blood pressure management.
Physiological Factors:
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Alterations in Blood Pressure01:30

Alterations in Blood Pressure

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Alterations in blood pressure, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure), significantly affect human health. Understanding these conditions' classifications, causes, and symptoms is essential for effective management and treatment.
Hypertension (High blood pressure)
Hypertension occurs when blood pressure readings consistently exceed the normal range. It is diagnosed when systolic blood pressure (the top number, indicating pressure while the heart...
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Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
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Acute blood pressure elevation: Therapeutic approach.

Massimo Salvetti1, Anna Paini1, Fabio Bertacchini1

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Brescia, 2a medicina Spedali Civili, Brescia, 25100, Italy.

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Summary

International guidelines recommend distinguishing between hypertensive emergencies and urgencies, not using "hypertensive crisis." Hypertensive emergencies remain a significant cause of mortality, necessitating updated treatment strategies.

Keywords:
ACE-inhibitorsAcute coronary syndromeAcute pulmonary edemaCalcium-antagonistsDiureticsHypertensionHypertensive emergenciesHypertensive urgenciesLabetalolNitratesStrokeUrapidil

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • International guidelines suggest avoiding the term "hypertensive crisis."
  • Hypertensive emergencies and urgencies are distinct clinical presentations with different management approaches.
  • Despite increased hypertension awareness, control, and treatment, hypertensive emergencies persist with high mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review of current data on the treatment of hypertensive emergencies.
  • To clarify the diagnostic and therapeutic distinctions between hypertensive emergencies and urgencies.
  • To highlight suboptimal adherence to international guidelines in managing hypertensive emergencies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on hypertensive emergencies.
  • Analysis of international guidelines and clinical recommendations.
  • Synthesis of data on diagnostic criteria and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Hypertensive emergencies are characterized by severely elevated blood pressure with evidence of acute target organ damage.
  • Treatment of hypertensive emergencies requires prompt BP reduction to prevent further organ damage.
  • Adherence to guideline-recommended treatment targets and drug choices in hypertensive emergencies is often suboptimal.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate classification of severe hypertension into emergencies or urgencies is crucial for appropriate management.
  • Effective treatment of hypertensive emergencies can mitigate mortality and morbidity.
  • Further efforts are needed to improve adherence to evidence-based guidelines for hypertensive emergencies.