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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy
Published on: July 3, 2014
[Efficacy of Palliative Radiotherapy for Unresectable Advanced Gastric Cancer with Bleeding]
Jun Shibamoto1, Yusuke Takashima, Yukino Kawamura
1Dept. of Surgery, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital.
Abstract:
Bleeding and obstruction negativelyimpact qualityof life for patients with unresectable advanced gastric cancer. There are several choices against bleeding and obstruction such as surgery, endoscopic therapy, radiotherapy and interventional radiology. We report on an 85-year-old woman with StageIV gastric cancer with tumor bleeding. Radiation therapyof 30 Gyin 10 fractions was performed. Anyadverse events were not confirmed. Bleeding or obstruction did not occur for 7 months after radiation therapy. Palliative radiation therapy to gastric cancer can be a reasonable option for patients with unsuitable general conditions for surgical intervention.
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups
Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.

