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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
Published on: March 27, 2012
Bumetanide for autism: more eye contact, less amygdala activation
Nouchine Hadjikhani1,2, Jakob Åsberg Johnels3,4, Amandine Lassalle5
1MGH/Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging/ Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. nouchine@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu.
Abstract:
We recently showed that constraining eye contact leads to exaggerated increase of amygdala activation in autism. Here, in a proof of concept pilot study, we demonstrate that administration of bumetanide (a NKCC1 chloride importer antagonist that restores GABAergic inhibition) normalizes the level of amygdala activation during constrained eye contact with dynamic emotional face stimuli in autism. In addition, eye-tracking data reveal that bumetanide administration increases the time spent in spontaneous eye gaze during in a free-viewing mode of the same face stimuli. In keeping with clinical trials, our data support the Excitatory/Inhibitory dysfunction hypothesis in autism, and indicate that bumetanide may improve specific aspects of social processing in autism. Future double-blind placebo controlled studies with larger cohorts of participants will help clarify the mechanisms of bumetanide action in autism.
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