Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
09:32

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

Published on: June 15, 2017

9.2K

Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling is involved in nonylphenol-induced proinflammatory cytokines secretion by

Weijia Gu1, Yi Wang1, Zhenmin Qiu1

  • 1Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Heath, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT
|February 28, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Nonylphenol (NP) exposure activates microglia (MG) inflammatory responses, increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β. This occurs via the Akt/mitogen-activated protein kinase/activator protein 1 signaling pathway in the central nervous system.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Microglia (MG) are central nervous system immune cells, crucial for innate immunity.
  • Microglia activation produces proinflammatory cytokines, contributing to inflammation and neurotoxicity.
  • Nonylphenol (NP), an endocrine disruptor, is known to impair neurodevelopment and memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of nonylphenol (NP) on the inflammatory responses of BV2 microglia.
  • To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms by which NP influences microglia activation.

Main Methods:

  • BV2 microglia cells were treated with nonylphenol (NP).
  • Cytokine secretion (IL-6, IL-1β) was measured.
  • Protein phosphorylation (Akt, JNK, p38 MAPK, ERK) was analyzed.
  • Activator protein 1 (AP-1) activation was assessed.

Main Results:

  • Nonylphenol (NP) significantly increased the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in BV2 microglia.
  • NP treatment led to increased phosphorylation of Akt, JNK, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).
  • NP exposure resulted in decreased phosphorylation of ERK and activation of the transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1).

Conclusions:

  • Nonylphenol (NP) provokes inflammatory responses in microglia.
  • NP activates the Akt/MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway in microglia.
  • This activation leads to increased secretion of IL-6 and IL-1β, suggesting a role in neuroinflammation.
Keywords:
BV2 microgliaMAP kinase signalingnonylphenolproinflammatory cytokines

More Related Videos

Assaying Protein Kinase Activity with Radiolabeled ATP08:05

Assaying Protein Kinase Activity with Radiolabeled ATP

Published on: May 26, 2017

19.4K
Microglia as a Surrogate Biosensor to Determine Nanoparticle Neurotoxicity08:37

Microglia as a Surrogate Biosensor to Determine Nanoparticle Neurotoxicity

Published on: October 25, 2016

7.4K

Related Concept Videos

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
15.2K
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

4.5K
Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
68.2K
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
8.2K
What is Cell Signaling?02:03

What is Cell Signaling?

Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
131.1K
Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion01:26

Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion

Bacterial protein secretion involves translocation systems to ensure proteins reach their designated locations, including the plasma membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, or the external environment. These translocation systems are vital for bacterial physiology, supporting processes like membrane assembly, enzymatic activity in the periplasm, and interactions with the external environment. The division of labor between Sec and Tat pathways ensures efficiency in handling proteins with diverse...
744