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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
Published on: February 27, 2017
Effective Carrier-Concentration Tuning of SnO2 Quantum Dot Electron-Selective Layers for High-Performance Planar
Guang Yang1,2, Cong Chen1,3, Fang Yao1
1Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China.
Abstract:
The carrier concentration of the electron-selective layer (ESL) and hole-selective layer can significantly affect the performance of organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a facile yet effective two-step method, i.e., room-temperature colloidal synthesis and low-temperature removal of additive (thiourea), to control the carrier concentration of SnO2 quantum dot (QD) ESLs to achieve high-performance PSCs is developed. By optimizing the electron density of SnO2 QD ESLs, a champion stabilized power output of 20.32% for the planar PSCs using triple cation perovskite absorber and 19.73% for those using CH3 NH3 PbI3 absorber is achieved. The superior uniformity of low-temperature processed SnO2 QD ESLs also enables the fabrication of ≈19% efficiency PSCs with an aperture area of 1.0 cm2 and 16.97% efficiency flexible device. The results demonstrate the promise of carrier-concentration-controlled SnO2 QD ESLs for fabricating stable, efficient, reproducible, large-scale, and flexible planar PSCs.
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