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Risks Associated with SGLT2 Inhibitors: An Overview.

Mahakpreet Singh1, Anoop Kumar2

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sodium glucose co-transport 2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) effectively lower blood glucose but carry risks. Emerging data highlights adverse effects, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of their risk profile for safe diabetes management.

Keywords:
GliflozinSGLT2 inhibitoradverse drug reactionscanagliflozindiabetes mellitusempagliflozin.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Sodium glucose co-transport 2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) are a novel class of antidiabetic medications approved in 2013.
  • These drugs function by inhibiting the SGLT2 protein in the renal proximal tubule, reducing glucose reabsorption and increasing urinary glucose excretion.
  • Beyond glycemic control, SGLT2 inhibitors offer benefits like weight reduction, blood pressure lowering, and decreased serum uric acid levels. Examples include canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compile and review the risk profile of SGLT2 inhibitors.
  • To discuss potential mechanisms underlying the observed adverse effects.
  • To enhance the understanding of the safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic compilation of data from case reports.
  • Review of published scientific literature.
  • Information gathering from regulatory agency websites.

Main Results:

  • SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrate promising efficacy in managing diabetes mellitus.
  • Post-marketing surveillance reveals potential adverse effects including diabetic ketoacidosis, infections (genital and urinary tract), cancer, bone fractures, and amputations.
  • The review consolidates known risks associated with this drug class.

Conclusions:

  • While SGLT2 inhibitors offer significant therapeutic advantages for diabetes, their use is associated with a spectrum of adverse events.
  • A thorough understanding of the risk profile is crucial for optimizing patient safety.
  • Further investigation into the mechanisms of these risks is warranted to guide clinical decision-making.