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Related Concept Videos

Transcription01:10

Transcription

157.1K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
157.1K
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

25.6K
The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
25.6K
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

82.9K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
82.9K
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

11.1K
Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
11.1K
Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

12.9K
Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These...
12.9K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.8K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.8K

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Root transcripts associated with arsenic accumulation in hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata.

Rasika M Potdukhe1, Priyanka Bedi, Bijaya K Sarangi

  • 1Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India.

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|February 28, 2018
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Summary

The brake fern Pteris vittata hyperaccumulates arsenic (As) through a complex molecular mechanism in its roots. This study identified key genes involved in arsenic uptake and transport, offering insights for phytoremediation strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The brake fern, Pteris vittata, exhibits hyperaccumulation of arsenic (As), a trait crucial for phytoremediation.
  • While arsenic accumulation in above-ground tissues is understood, the mechanisms of uptake and transport in underground tissues remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying arsenic hyperaccumulation in Pteris vittata roots.
  • To identify genes and pathways involved in arsenic uptake, transport, and stress response.

Main Methods:

  • Time-dependent arsenic accumulation studies in fronds and roots.
  • Root transcriptome analysis to identify differentially expressed genes under arsenic exposure.
  • Bioinformatic analysis to identify genes related to arsenic stress response, transcription factors, metal transporters, and chelating compound biosynthesis.

Main Results:

  • Arsenic accumulation showed an exponential pattern in fronds (7-30 days) and roots (3-7 days).
  • Root transcriptome analysis identified 554,973 transcripts, with 824 differentially expressed genes between treated and control samples.
  • Key genes identified include those involved in arsenic stress response, transcription factors, metal transporters (e.g., ABC transporter G family member 26), and biosynthesis of chelating compounds.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of arsenic hyperaccumulation in Pteris vittata.
  • Identified genes, including cysteine-rich RLK and ABC transporter G family member 26, warrant further investigation for their role in arsenic uptake and transport.
  • The generated transcriptome dataset serves as a platform for future functional studies in arsenic phytoremediation.