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Protein Supplementation During a 6-Month Concurrent Training Program: Effect on Body Composition and Muscular

Michael J Ormsbee^1,2, Brandon D Willingham¹, Tasha Marchant³

¹1 Florida State University.

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

|February 28, 2018

Summary

This study found that protein supplements enhanced muscular strength gains in males and improved body composition in both males and females undergoing concurrent training. Carbohydrate supplements did not yield the same benefits.

Keywords:

body fat fat-free mass gender differences protein intake resistance training running

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Area of Science:

Exercise Physiology
Sports Nutrition
Body Composition

Background:

Concurrent training combines strength and endurance exercise, offering comprehensive fitness benefits.
The role of protein supplementation in augmenting adaptations to concurrent training requires further investigation, particularly regarding sex-specific responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of a protein supplement versus a carbohydrate supplement on muscular strength and body composition.
To assess these effects in young sedentary males and females participating in a 6-month concurrent training program.

Main Methods:

Fifty-one sedentary adults (18-25 years) were randomized to consume either a protein (PRO) or carbohydrate (CON) supplement twice daily.
Participants engaged in a 5-day/week concurrent strength and endurance training program for 6 months.
Muscular strength (bench press, hip sled) and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were measured at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.

Main Results:

Males in the PRO group exhibited significantly greater gains in bench press and hip sled strength compared to the CON group at 3 and 6 months.
Females in the PRO group showed a greater reduction in fat mass at 6 months compared to the CON group, with similar lean mass changes.
Males in the PRO group demonstrated a trend towards greater lean mass gains at 3 months but not at 6 months compared to the CON group.

Conclusions:

Protein supplementation during a 6-month concurrent training program may enhance muscular strength development in young males.
Protein supplementation may also contribute to more favorable body composition changes, specifically greater fat mass reduction, in young females.
These findings suggest that protein supplementation can augment adaptations to concurrent training, with potential sex-specific effects on strength and body composition.