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Prenatal HIV Testing and the Impact of State HIV Testing Laws, 2004 to 2011
Lauren F FitzHarris, Christopher H Johnson, Steven R Nesheim
1Division of Reproductive Health, CDC.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
|February 28, 2018
Summary
Prenatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing rates remained stable but below recommendations from 2004-2011. State laws mandating HIV testing were associated with higher prenatal testing rates.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Health Policy
Background:
- Prenatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening is crucial for preventing mother-to-child transmission.
- Understanding trends in prenatal HIV testing and the influence of state legislation is vital for public health initiatives.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze temporal trends in prenatal HIV testing rates across the United States.
- To evaluate the impact of state-specific HIV testing laws on prenatal HIV testing uptake.
Main Methods:
- Utilized self-reported data from live births in 35 states and NYC (2004-2011).
- Calculated annual percent change in testing rates for states with at least 6 years of data.
- Reviewed state laws to identify and categorize legislative approaches to prenatal HIV screening.
Main Results:
- Overall prenatal HIV testing rate was 75.7% from 2004-2011, with significant state-level variation (43.2%-92.8%).
- States enacting laws to mandate prenatal HIV testing showed higher average testing rates (approx. 80%) compared to those without such laws (approx. 65%).
- Four states experienced an annual decrease in testing rates despite the study period.
Conclusions:
- Prenatal HIV testing rates showed stability but did not reach universal recommendations during 2004-2011.
- States with proactive or existing HIV testing laws demonstrated higher prenatal testing prevalence.
- Policy interventions appear to influence prenatal HIV testing uptake, highlighting the importance of legislative action.
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